Hemorrhoids are among the most common of health ailments, affecting approximately eight out of ten people throughout their lifetimes. Hemorrhoids (also called piles) are simply enlarged or varicose veins of the anus and rectum. There are two types of hemorrhoids - internal and external - that can occur separately or in combination. Hemorrhoids may have a genetic component, but they are most likely caused, and remedied by, such things as diet and toilet habits.

Internal hemorrhoids are often present without causing any discomfort or even awareness of their presence. Until they thrombose or bleed you may not know you have them. Internal hemorrhoids can prolapse (be pushed out) through the anus and this can be very painful.

External hemorrhoids develop under the skin just outside the opening of the anus. They are tender to the touch and are round and purple in colour.

While there is no conclusive evidence as to the specific cause of hemorrhoids, there is a long list of contributing factors. These include constipation, straining during a bowel movement, pregnancy, lifting heavy objects, prolonged sitting or standing, being overweight, and faulty diet. Downward pressure can cause the small veins around the anus and rectum to stretch. As the veins lose their elasticity and retain excess blood, they become more vulnerable to injury, possibly triggering bleeding, which is often the first indication of hemorrhoids.

Some people can have a single episode of hemorrhoids, and others are plagued by them all their lives. It is not uncommon for a woman to be bothered by hemorrhoids during pregnancy and/or delivery, and then have a resolution shortly after birth, never to have a problem again. People who sit or stand for extended periods on their jobs have a higher risk of developing hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids are most common in the 25-54 age group.

While about half of hemorrhoid sufferers have a family history of the condition, diet may be responsible.